Scientific References
PMS
Stronger Bones
Healthier Babies
Full-Term Pregnancy
Better Birth Weight
PMS
1. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) In Simply One Women & Women’s Blend
2. Vitamin D In Simply One Women & Women’s Blend
3. Chaste Tree Berry (vitex) In Simply One Women & Women’s Blend
4. Calcium Carbonate In Women’s Blend
5. Magnesium In Women’s Blend
6. Vitamin E In Women’s Blend
Stronger Bones
1. Vitamin D In Simply One Women & Women’s Blend
2. Vitamin K1 In Simply One Women & Women’s Blend
3. Boron In Simply One Women & Women’s Blend
4. Iron In Simply One Women & Women’s Blend
5. Vitamin C In Women’s Blend
6. Magnesium In Women’s Blend
7. Calcium, zinc, manganese and copper In Women’s Blend
Healthier Babies
1. Vitamin D (2) In Simply One Prenatal & PreNatal Blend
2. Multivitamins #1 In Simply One Prenatal & PreNatal Blend
3. Antioxidants In Simply One Prenatal & PreNatal Blend
4. Folic Acid (4) In Simply One Prenatal & PreNatal Blend
5. Multivitamins In Simply One Prenatal & PreNatal Blend
6. Vitamin D In Simply One Prenatal & PreNatal Blend
7. Vitamin A In Simply One Prenatal & PreNatal Blend
8. Calcium In Simply One Prenatal & PreNatal Blend
Full-Term Pregnancy
1. Multivitamins In Simply One Prenatal & PreNatal Blend
2. Vitamin A In Simply One Prenatal & PreNatal Blend
4. Vitamin C In Simply One Prenatal & PreNatal Blend
Better Birth Weight
1. Vitamin D In Simply One Prenatal & PreNatal Blend
2. Multivitamins In Simply One Prenatal & PreNatal Blend
3. Folic Acid In Simply One Prenatal & PreNatal Blend
4. Iron In Simply One Prenatal & PreNatal Blend
5. Zinc In Simply One Prenatal & PreNatal Blend
Smarter Kids - Multivitamins
1. Multivitamins In Supernutrition Perfect Kids
1. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) reduced PMS optimally at 200 mg per day.
Comment: This retrospective study of 630 women showed that while 100 mg to 150 mg of supplemental vitamin B6 reduced PMS in about 66% of the women, 160 mg to 200 mg of Vitamin B6 reduced PMS in about 79% of the women.
SuperNutrition’s Simply One Women contains 100 mg of Vitamin B6 in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition Women’s Blend 2 contains 200 mg of Vitamin B6 in a daily dose.
Brush MG, and associates. Pyridoxine in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a retrospective survey in 630 patients. British Journal of Clinical Practice1988;l42(11):448-4562.
Click here to read the abstract.
2. Vitamin D at a medium intake of 706 IU per day was associated with a 41 percent more decrease in PMS than 112 IU per day.
Comment: Looking at the vitamin D intake of Women in the Nurses’ Health Study II, this study concluded that women with a higher median vitamin D intake of 706 IU per day had significantly less (or no) PMS than subjects who got a median of the least amount of vitamin D, 112 IU per day.
SuperNutrition Simply One Women contains 2000 IU of Vitamin D in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition Women’s Blend 2 contains 2500 IU of Vitamin D in a daily dose.Bertone-Johnson, ER, et al. Calcium and vitamin D intake and risk of incident premenstrual syndrome. Archives of Internal Medicine 2005 Jun 13;165(11):1246-52.
Click here to read the abstract.
3. Chaste tree berry (vitex) extract has been shown to reduce PMS.
Comment: This randomized placebo-controlled 3-month study of premenstrual syndrome in 170 women (average age 36) showed that 20 mg of chaste berry extract reduced PMS about 28% better than placebo. The women noted significant reductions in irritability, mood disturbances, anger, headache, and breast fullness compared to the placebo group.
SuperNutrition Simply One Women has 30 mg of chaste berry extract in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition Women’s Blend 2 has 100 mg of chaste berry extract in a daily dose.Schellenberg R, and associates. Treatment for the premenstrual syndrome with agnus castus ifruit extract: prospective, randomized, placebo controlled study. British Medical Journal 2001 Jan 20;322:134-137.
Click here to read the abstract.
4. Calcium carbonate at 1,000 mg per day reduced PMS.
Comment: This randomized placebo-controlled study of 78 women showed a 58 percent better reduction in PMS with 1,000 mg of calcium carbonate than with placebo during the luteal and menstrual phases of the reproductive cycle. Both water retention and pain scores were significantly reduced by calcium carbonate supplementation.
SuperNutrition Women’s Blend 2 contains 1000 mg of calcium (as carbonate & citrate) in a daily dose.
Thys-Jacobs S, and associates. Calcium supplementation in premenstrual syndrome a randomized crossover trial. Journal of General Internal Medicine 1989;4(3):183-9.
Click here to read the abstract.
5. Magnesium at 200 and 360 mg per day reduced PMS.
Comment: Two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies showed that magnesium at 360 mg per day reduced headaches and pain, and at 200 mg reduced weight gain, fluid retention, swelling of extremities, breast tenderness and abdominal bloating.
SuperNutrition Women’s Blend 2 contains 600 mg of magnesium in a daily dose.
Facchinetti F, and associates. Magnesium prophylaxsis of menstrual migraine: effects on intracellular magnesium. Headache 1991 May;31(5):298-301.
Walker AF, and associates. Magnesium supplementation alleviates premenstrual symptoms of fluid retention. Journal of Womens Health 1998 Nov;7(9):1157-65.
Click here to read the abstract.
6. Vitamin E was shown to reduce PMS in 15 categories of PMS.
Comment: This randomized, placebo-controlled study confirmed a previous study by the same author, showing that with 400 IU of natural form vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol) "all major categories of PMS symptoms are improved with supplementation of 400 IU of vitamin E daily." In all 15 categories of symptoms, vitamin E supplemented women reported 27-42% reduction in severity.
SuperNutrition Women’s Blend 2 contains 400 IU of Vitamin E in a daily dose.
London RS, and associates. Efficacy of alpha-tocopherol in the treatment of the premenstrual syndrome. Journal of Reproductive Medicine 1987 Jun;32(6):400-4.
Click here to read the abstract.
1. Vitamin D at higher doses reduced the rate of bone fractures.
Comment: A major review of scientific studies since 1960 found that 700-800 IU of supplemental vitamin D reduced bone fractures 23% to 26%, while 400 IU was not sufficient for fracture prevention.
SuperNutrition Simply One Women has 2,000 IU of vitamin D in a daily dose.
Simply One Men contains 700 IU of vitamin D.
Simply One 50+ Men contains 1,000 IU of vitamin D.
SuperNutrition Women’s Blend contains 1000 IU of vitamin D in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition Menopause Multiple has 1,000 IU of vitamin D in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition Opti-Energy Pack has 1,000 IU of vitamin D in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition Calcium Blend has 1,000 IU of vitamin D in a daily dose.
Bischoff-Ferrari H, and associates. Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the American Medical Association 2005 May 11;293(18):2257-64.
Click here to read the abstract.
2. Vitamin K supplementation was associated with improved bone mineral density.
Comment: 80 mcg/day of vitamin K1 improved carboxylated osteocalcin in postmenopausal women. This measure correlates with improved bone mineral density.
All SuperNutrition multivitamins, except Perfect Kids, have 80 mcg or more of vitamin K1 in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition Calcium Blend has 80 mcg of vitamin K1 in a daily dose.
Schaafsma A, and associates. Vitamin D3 and vitamin K1 supplementation of Dutch postmenopausal women with normal and low bone mineral densities: effects on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and carboxylated osteocalcin. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2000;54:626."
Click here to read the abstract.
3. Boron improved calcium retention in the body.
Comment: Boron, at 3 mg/day, has been shown to improve calcium retention in the body.
SuperNutrition Simply One Women has 3 mg of boron in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition Women’s Blend 2 has 3 mg of boron in a daily dose.Nielsen FH, and associates. Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. FASEB Journal. 1987 Nov;1(5):394-7."
Click here to read the abstract.
4. Iron intake was associated with greater bone density in five types of bone.
Comment: Iron intake at more than 20 mg/day when calcium intake was between 800 to 1200 mg/day was associated with greater bone mineral density in several types of bone in healthy nonsmoking postmenopausal women. The authors noted that iron was necessary for healthy bone collagen, which gives bone its flexibility and ability to absorb impact with reduced risk of fracture.
SuperNutrition Calcium Blend has 40 mg of iron with 1,250 mg of calcium in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition Super Immune Multivitamin has 24 mg of iron with 1,000 mg of calcium in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition Opti-Energy Pack has 40 mg of iron with 1,250 mg of calcium in a daily dose.
Harris MM, and associates. Dietary iron is associated with bone mineral density in healthy postmenopausal women. Journal of Nutrition 133;3598-3602, 2003."
Click here to read the abstract.
5. Vitamin C supplementation increased spinal bone density.
Comment: Postmenopausal women who took 1,000 mg/day over a three-year time period had 5 percent greater spinal bone density than women who took 500 mg.
SuperNutrition PreNatal Blend has 1,000 mg of vitamin C in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition Calcium Blend has 1,000 mg of vitamin C in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition Opti-Energy Pack has 1,200 mg of vitamin C in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition Menopause Multiple has 1,500 mg of vitamin C in a daily dose.
Morton DJ, and associates. Vitamin C supplement use and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2001, 16:135-140."
Click here to read the abstract.
6. Magnesium increased the density of a major component of bone.
Comment: Magnesium dosing between 250 mg and 750 mg increased trabecular bone density between 1 and 8 percent for a majority of postmenopausal women in this 2-year study.
SuperNutrition Women’s Blend, Menopause Multiple and Super Immune Multivitamin have 600 mg of magnesium in a daily dose. Opti-Energy Pack has 700 mg.
Stendig-Lindberg G, and associates. Trabecular bone density in a two year controlled trial of peroral magnesium in osteoporosis. Magnesium Research. 1993 Jun;6(2):155-63.
Click here to read the abstract.
7. Calcium, zinc, manganese and copper, taken together, increased bone density.
Comment: Calcium (1,000 mg) with zinc (15 mg), manganese (5 mg) and copper (2.5 mg) increased bone density 5.01 percent better than placebo.
SuperNutrition Women’s Blend, Menopause Multiple, Opti-Energy Pack, Super Immune Multivitamin, PreNatal Blend and Calcium Blend contain these amounts of these nutrients or more in a daily dose.
Strause L and associates. Spinal bone loss in postmenopausal women supplemented with calcium and trace minerals. Journal of Nutrition 1994 Jul;124(7):1060-4.
Click here to read the abstract.
1a. Vitamin D inadequacy in pregnancy.
Comment: This study said that previous vitamin D recommendations for pregnancy, 200 to 400 IU/day were too conservative and recommended considering the need for higher doses.
SuperNutrition Simply One Prenatal has 700 IU of Vitamin D in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition PreNatal Blend has 1,000 IU of Vitamin D in a daily dose.
Dror DK, Allen LH. Vitamin D inadequacy in pregnancy: biology, outcomes, and interventions. Nutrition Reviews 2010 Aug;68(8):465-77.
Click here to read the abstract.
1b. Vitamin D improves the chances of a healthy pregnancy.
Comment: This randomized clinical study found that vitamin D dosing of 4,000 IU resulted in twice as many full-term births as 400 IU.
SuperNutrition PreNatal Blend has 1,000 IU of Vitamin D in a daily dose.
Maxwell JD. Vitamin D supplements enhance weight gain and nutritional status in pregnant Asians. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1981 Oct;88(10):987-91.
Click here to read the abstract.
2. Multivitamins improve the chances of a healthy pregnancy.
Comment: This study showed a small, significant increase in mean birth weight among infants of mothers receiving multiple micronutrients compared with infants of mothers receiving only iron-folic acid supplements. Larger micronutrient doses seemed to produce greater impact. Meaningful improvements were also observed in height and cognitive development of the children by 2 years of age.
Shrimpton R, and associates. Multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy in developing-country settings: policy and program implications of the results of a meta-analysis. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2009 Dec;30(4 Suppl):S556-73.
Click here to read the abstract.
3. Antioxidants improve the chance of a healthy pregnancy.
Comments: This study said that antioxidants helped prevent hypertensive disorders in pregnant women.
SuperNutrition Simply One Prenatal has over 600 mg of antioxidants in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition Prenatal Blend 2 has over 1,700 mg of antioxidants
Lin JH, and associates. Effect of antioxidants on amelioration of high-risk factors inducing hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Chinese Medical Journal (Engl). 2010 Sep;123(18):2548-2554.
Click here to read the abstract.
4a. Folic Acid improves chances of a healthy baby.
Comment: Folic acid requirements are said to double during pregnancy. While 400 mcg of folic acid can reduce spina bifida birth defects by about 40 percent, this study also showed that 1000 mcg reduced birth defects by about 50 percent.
SuperNutrition Simply One Prenatal has 1,000 mcg of folic acid in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition PreNatal Blend has 1,000 mcg of folic acid in a daily dose.
Garcia-Morales MA, and associates. Peri-conception use of folic acid in the prevention of neural tube defect: current concepts. Gincologia y Obstetricia de Mexico 1996 Sep;64:418-21.
Click here to read the abstract.
4b. Folic Acid improves chances of a healthy baby.
Comment: This study also showed that folic acid could reduce the chances of neural tube birth defects.
SuperNutrition Simply One Prenatal has 1,000 mcg of folic acid in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition PreNatal Blend has 1,000 mcg of folic acid in a daily dose.
De-Regil LM, and associates. Effects and safety of periconceptional folate supplementation for preventing birth defects. Cochrane Database System Review. 2010 Oct 6;10:CD007950.
Click here to read the abstract.
4c. Folic Acid improves chances of a healthy baby.
Comment: This study said that folic acid supplementation could reduce the risk of orofacial clefts in the baby.
SuperNutrition Simply One Prenatal has 1,000 mcg of folic acid in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition PreNatal Blend has 1,000 mcg of folic acid in a daily dose.Wehby GL,;and associates. Folic acid and orofacial clefts: a review of the evidence. Oral Diseases 2010 Jan;16(1):11-9.
Click here to read the abstract.
4d. Folic Acid improves chances of a healthy baby.
Comment: This study said that folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of cleft lip.
SuperNutrition Simply One Prenatal has 1,000 mcg of folic acid in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition PreNatal Blend has 1,000 mcg of folic acid in a daily dose.
Eichholzer M. Is periconceptional use of folic acid associated with a reduced risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate?
Praxis (Bern 1994). 2007 Oct 3;96(40):1531-7.
Click here to read the abstract.
5. Multi-vitamin supplementation improves the chances of a healthy baby.
Comment:The use of vitamin supplements in the first 4 months of pregnancy showed a protective effect against the occurrence of cleft palate.
Loffredo LC, and associates. Oral clefts and vitamin supplementation. Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal 2001 Jan;38(1):76-83.
Click here to read the abstract.
6. Vitamin D improves the chances of a healthy baby.
Comment: This study said that higher amounts of vitamin D than the 200 to 400 IU that were previously recommended should be considered for the healthiest outcome.
SuperNutrition Simply One Prenatal 700 IU of vitamin D in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition PreNatal Blend has 1,000 IU of vitamin D in a daily dose.
Dror DK & Allen LH. Vitamin D inadequacy in pregnancy: biology, outcomes, and interventions. Nutrition Reviews 2010 Aug;68(8):465-77.
Click here to read the abstract.
7. Vitamin A improves the chances of a healthy baby.
Comment: This study said that higher vitamin A intake from food and supplements reduced the risk of orofacial clefts.
SuperNutrition Simply One Prenatal has 3,000 IU of vitamin A in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition PreNatal Blend has 5,000 mg of vitamin A in a daily dose.
Johansen AM, and associates. Maternal dietary intake of vitamin A and risk of orofacial clefts: a population-based case-control study in Norway. American Journal of Epidemiology 2008 May 15;167(10):1164-70.
Click here to read the abstract.
8. Calcium improves the chances of a healthy baby.
Comment: This study said that when women who had less than 600 mg of dietary calcium intake took 1,200 mg to 2,000 mg of supplemental calcium carbonate their babies were born with about 15 percent better bone mineral content.
SuperNutrition PreNatal Blend has 1,200 mg of calcium in a daily dose.
Koo WW, and associates. Maternal calcium supplementation and fetal bone mineralization. Obstetrics and Gynecololgy. 1999 Oct;94(4):577-82.
Click here to read the abstract.
1. Multivitamins improve chances of a full-term pregnancy.
Comment: A study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology compared women who took multi-vitamin supplements with women who did not take multi-vitamin supplements during the first and second trimester. The women who took multi-vitamins had lower premature delivery risk factors as follows:
1. Approximately 75% less risk for women who started taking multi-vitamins in the first trimester;
2. Approximately 50% less risk for women who started taking multi-vitamins in the second trimester.
Scholl TO, and associates. Use of multi-vitamin mineral prenatal supplements: influence on the outcome of pregnancy. American Journal of Epidemiology 1997 Jul 15;146(2):134-41."
Click here to read the abstract.
2. Vitamin A improves the chances of a full-term pregnancy.
Comment: A study of 736 pregnant women showed that Vitamin A (retinol, not beta carotene) deficiency was associated with a 74 percent increased chance of premature delivery. Total Vitamin A intake from supplements should be at least 2,500 IU but not more than 10,000 IU during pregnancy. (The World Health Organization says "It is safe to give fertile women, independent of their vitamin A status, as much as 10,000 IU daily at any time during pregnancy.")
SuperNutrition Simply One PreNatal has 3,000 IU of vitamin A in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition PreNatal Blend 2 has 5,000 IU of vitamin A in a daily dose.
Radhika MS, and associates. Effects of vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy on maternal and child health. British Journal of Gynecology 2002 Jun;109(6):689-93."
Click here to read the abstract.
3. Vitamin C improves chances of a full-term pregnancy.
Comment: This study showed that pregnant women who had the most vitamin C intake (≥362 mg/day) from food and supplements had twice as much chance of a full-term pregnancy as women who consumed the least amount of vitamin C (<169 mg/day).
SuperNutrition Prenatal Blend has 1,200 mg of Vitamin C in a daily dose.
Siega-Riz AM, and associates. Vitamin C intake and the risk of pre-term delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology August 2003;189(2):519-525."
Click here to read the abstract.
1. Vitamin D at 1,000 IU improves the chances of full birth weight
Comment: This study showed that supplementation with 1,000 IU of Vitamin D3 per day resulted in almost twice as many babies being born with healthier birth weights.
SuperNutrition PreNatal Blend 2 has 1,000 mg of Vitamin D in a daily dose.
Maxwell JD. Vitamin D supplements enhance weight gain and nutritional status in pregnant Asians. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1981 Oct;88(10):987-91.
Click here to read the abstract.
2. Multivitamins taken in the first and second trimesters significantly improved the chances of full birth weight.
Comment: The study showed that women who took multi-vitamin supplements during the first and second trimester showed that there was 86% better chance of full birth weight when multivitamins were taken in the first trimester and 84% better chance of full birth weight when multi-vitamin use started in the second trimester.
Scholl TO, and associates. Use of multi-vitamin mineral prenatal supplements: influence on the outcome of pregnancy. American Journal of Epidemiology 1997 Jul 15;146(2):134-41.
Click here to read the abstract.
3. Folic acid at 1,000 mcg improves the chances of full birth weight.
Comment: This study showed that supplementation with 400 mcg of folic acid or more per day resulted in lower homocysteine and higher birth weight as folic acid dosages increased.
Fryer AA, and associates. Quantitative, high-resolution epigenetic profiling of CpG loci identifies associations with cord blood plasma homocysteine and birth weight in humans. Epigenetics 6:1, 86-94; January 2011.
4. Iron at 30 mg or more improves the chances of full birth weight.
Comment: In this randomized placebo-controlled study of 513 prenatal women, 30 mg of iron per day resulted in significantly higher average birth weight and 77.7% fewer low-birth-weight babies delivered prematurely.
SuperNutrition Simply One Prenatal has 30 mg of iron in a daily dose.
Click here to read the abstract.
Cogswell ME, and associates. Iron supplementation during pregnancy, anemia, and birth weight: a randomized controlled trial1,2,3 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 78, No. 4, 773-781, October 2003.
5. Zinc at 25 mg or more improves the chances of full birth weight.
Comment: This randomized placebo-controlled study of 580 pregnant women showed that women who took 25 mg of zinc per day had babies that weighed 4.5 ounces more than women who took no zinc.
SuperNutrition Simply One Prenatal has 32 mg of zinc in a daily dose.
SuperNutrition Prenatal Blend has 30 mg of zinc in a daily dose.
Click here to read the abstract.
Goldenberg, RL, and associates. The effect of zinc supplementation on pregnancy outcome. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1995;274(6):463-468.
1. Multivitamins improve memory, reaction time and other barometers of healthy brain function in healthy children.
Comment: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel groups investigation of eighty-one children, aged 8 to 14 concluded that a low potency multi-vitamin/mineral formula improved memory, reaction time and other barometers of brain function.
SuperNutrition Perfect Kids provides all the vitamins and minerals in the multivitamin in the study, but in higher, more optimal potencies.
Click here to read the abstract.
Haskell CF, and associates. Cognitive and mood effects in healthy children during 12 weeks' supplementation with multi-vitamin/minerals. British Journal of Nutrition. 2008 Nov;100(5):1086-96. Epub 2008 May 29.
